Piping (ˈpaɪpɪŋ) generally refers to Piping Engineering. It is an application of Mechanical and Chemical engineering principles, which deals with Design, Analysis, Installation, Testing, Commissioning and Maintenance of Piping System. (wikipedia).

Piping System is a network of Pipes by using Pipe Fittings and other special components to perform the required mode of transferring fluids (Liquids/ Gas/ Slurry) from one location to another location. It is the effective method for transferring fluids without considerable or about zero losses in properties and quality of fluid.

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LAMINAR FLOW :

Laminar flow or streamline flow occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers. At low velocities the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards. There are no cross currents perpendicular to the direction of flow, nor eddies or swirls of fluids.

Twist in Time - Laminar Flow

TURBULENCE FLOW :

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic and suspectedly stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time.

Flow in which the kinetic energy dies out due to the action of fluid molecular viscosity is called laminar flow. While there is no theorem relating the non-dimensional Reynolds number (Re) to turbulence, flows at Reynolds numbers larger than 5000 are typically (but not necessarily) turbulent, while those at low Reynolds numbers usually remain laminar. In Poiseuille flow.

For example, turbulence can first be sustained if the Reynolds number is larger than a critical value of about 2040; moreover, the turbulence is generally interspersed with laminar flow until a larger Reynolds number of about 4000.